造成排煙效果不明顯的(de)原因
(1)排煙風機選型不(bu)(bu)(bu)當。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)直接按(an)規范給定的(de)(de)值確定,往往導(dao)致(zhi)選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)風(feng)機(ji)風(feng)量、風(feng)壓(ya)偏小,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿足要求(qiu);有(you)(you)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)采用(yong)(yong)通(tong)風(feng)與機(ji)械排煙合用(yong)(yong)系統,但施(shi)工(gong)中未按(an)設(she)計(ji)要求(qiu)選用(yong)(yong)雙速風(feng)機(ji);有(you)(you)的(de)(de)建設(she)單(dan)位不(bu)(bu)(bu)按(an)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)風(feng)機(ji)型號訂貨,購買功(gong)率規格較(jiao)小的(de)(de)風(feng)機(ji),導(dao)致(zhi)風(feng)機(ji)風(feng)量嚴重不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。
(2)機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)壓送(song)風(feng)(feng)系(xi)統與自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)設(she)施重復設(she)置。對(dui)于建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑高度超(chao)過(guo)50米的一類公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑和建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑高度超(chao)過(guo)100米的居住(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,按《高規》要求(qiu),宜設(she)置機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)壓送(song)風(feng)(feng)系(xi)統,有的工(gong)程在上述部位同時又(you)采用了自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan),導致(zhi)火災情況下(xia),機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)壓送(song)風(feng)(feng)系(xi)統與自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)排(pai)煙(yan)(yan)窗同時開啟時,防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)樓(lou)梯(ti)間難以形成正壓,達不到(dao)防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)效果。
(3)合用(yong)正(zheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)風系統未設計壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)調節裝置(zhi)。按規范要求(qiu),機械加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)風的防煙樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)和合用(yong)前(qian)(qian)室(shi),宜分(fen)別(bie)獨立(li)設置(zhi)送(song)風系統,當必須共用(yong)一個系統時,應(ying)在通向(xiang)合用(yong)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)的支風管上設置(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)自動調節裝置(zhi)。當前(qian)(qian)很多(duo)設計的合用(yong)正(zheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)送(song)風系統沒有設計壓(ya)(ya)(ya)差(cha)調節裝置(zhi),無(wu)法形成樓(lou)梯(ti)間(jian)的余壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值高(gao)于(yu)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)。
(4)防(fang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)區不按規(gui)范(fan)要求設(she)置擋(dang)(dang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)施(shi)。有(you)相當一部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)程,尤其(qi)是大型商場設(she)置機械排煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)部(bu)位未(wei)按規(gui)范(fan)要求在吊頂(ding)(ding)下(xia)設(she)置擋(dang)(dang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)垂壁,有(you)的(de)地下(xia)室(shi)雖然(ran)采(cai)用建筑的(de)梁作擋(dang)(dang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)施(shi),但排煙(yan)(yan)(yan)系統的(de)排煙(yan)(yan)(yan)口未(wei)按規(gui)范(fan)要求設(she)在頂(ding)(ding)棚或(huo)靠近頂(ding)(ding)棚的(de)墻面上(shang),而是設(she)在梁的(de)下(xia)面。
(5)送風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)設置(zhi)不(bu)符合(he)要求(qiu)。有的(de)豎向防(fang)排煙系(xi)統(tong)的(de)送風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)采用固(gu)定百葉窗式常開風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou),風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)規格尺寸(cun)基(ji)本一致,造成各層(ceng)送風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)的(de)風(feng)(feng)量風(feng)(feng)速嚴重(zhong)不(bu)平衡,離風(feng)(feng)機(ji)較(jiao)遠的(de)送風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)的(de)風(feng)(feng)量不(bu)足,甚至(zhi)末端的(de)送風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)的(de)風(feng)(feng)速、風(feng)(feng)量接近于零。
(6)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管豎(shu)井(jing)施工(gong)質量差,漏(lou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)嚴(yan)(yan)重。有(you)相當(dang)多的工(gong)程因通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)豎(shu)井(jing)不抹灰、管道連接不嚴(yan)(yan)實,常閉風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)關閉不嚴(yan)(yan)密,漏(lou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)十分嚴(yan)(yan)重,導致送風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)、排煙口(kou)(kou)的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量達(da)不到規范要求,有(you)的施工(gong)單位甚至取消了豎(shu)井(jing)連接吊頂風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)的風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管,利(li)用吊頂悶頂空間代替(ti)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管,也(ye)往往造(zao)成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)管風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)接近于(yu)零。
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德州(zhou)凱億 2022 05 17 于
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